Glossaire

Rendus standard des institutions, politiques, visas et termes clés coréens, classés par catégorie.

비자·체류자격 · Visas & Residence Status

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
가족결합	Family Reunification	Regroupement familial
결혼이민F-6	Marriage Migrant	Marriage Migrant (immigrant·e par mariage)
구직비자D-10	Job-seeking visa	Visa de recherche d'emploi
기업투자비자D-8	Business investment visa	Visa d'investissement commercial
난민신청자	Asylum seeker (refugee applicant)	Demandeur d'asile	난민 심사를 신청하고 결과를 기다리는 사람 · 주의: 'refugee'로 부르지 말 것(아직 아님) · 보통 심사 중 G-1
난민여행증명서	Refugee Travel Document	Document de voyage pour réfugié
난민인정자F-2-4	Recognized refugee	Réfugié reconnu	법적으로 난민으로 인정된 사람 · 주의: applicant와 혼동 금지 · 체류자격 F-2-4
동반가족	Accompanying Family	Famille accompagnatrice
미등록(체류)/미등록 외국인	undocumented (without valid status)	personne en situation irrégulière (sans titre de séjour valide)	유효한 체류자격이 없는 사람 · 주의: 'illegal'(범죄화 프레임) 금지 · 민감, 신중한 법률 톤
보호 / 외국인보호소	immigration detention / Foreigner Detention Center	rétention administrative / centre de rétention pour étrangers (detention)	이민 구금 / 구금 시설 · 주의: 'protection/care'로 절대 번역 금지 · 보호=구금. 예: 화성외국인보호소
보호일시해제	Temporary Release from Detention	Libération temporaire de détention
사증	Visa	Visa	입국 사증
영주자격F-5	Permanent residence	Résidence permanente
외국인등록	Alien Registration	Alien Registration (enregistrement des étrangers)
외국인등록번호	Alien Registration Number	Numéro d'enregistrement d'étranger	ARC 번호
인도적체류자G-1	Humanitarian stay holder	Titulaire d'un séjour humanitaire	인도적 사유로 체류 허가(난민 인정은 아님) · 주의: 'refugee'/'humanitarian visa' 금지 · G-1; F-2-4보다 권리 제한
재입국허가	Re-entry Permit	Re-entry Permit (autorisation de réentrée)
지역특화형 비자F-2-R	Regional-specialized visa	Visa régional spécialisé
체류기간	period of stay	durée de séjour	체류자격이 유효한 기간 · 주의: 'visa duration' 지양 · 만료 전 연장
체류기간 연장허가	Extension of Period of Stay	Extension of Period of Stay (prolongation de la durée de séjour)
체류자격	status of stay (residence status)	statut de séjour (titre de séjour)	한국에 머물 수 있는 법적 자격 · 주의: 'visa'로 느슨하게 쓰지 말 것 · 코드(G-1,F-2 등)가 체류자격
체류자격 변경허가	Change of Status of Stay	Change of Status of Stay (changement de statut de séjour)
체류자격 외 활동허가	permission for activities outside status of stay	permission for activities outside status of stay (autorisation d'activités hors statut de séjour)	체류자격이 허용하지 않는 활동(예: 취업) 허가 · 주의: 'work permit'로 일반화 금지 · 공식 서식 용어, 한국어 병기
체류지 변경신고	Report of Change of Residence	Déclaration de changement de résidence	전입신고와 함께
출생신고	Birth Report	Déclaration de naissance

정책·제도 · Policies & Programs

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
4대 사회보험	Four Major Social Insurances	Four Major Social Insurances (quatre grandes assurances sociales)	국민연금·건강보험·고용보험·산재보험
강제퇴거(명령)	deportation (order)	expulsion (ordre d'expulsion)	국가가 강제로 출국시키는 명령 · 주의: 'asked to leave'로 약화 금지 · 출국명령과 구분
고용보험	Employment Insurance	Employment Insurance (assurance-emploi)
고용허가제EPS	Employment Permit System	Employment Permit System
국가예방접종NIP	National Immunization Program	National Immunization Program (programme national de vaccination)	어린이 무료 예방접종
국민건강보험NHIS	National Health Insurance (NHIS)	National Health Insurance - NHIS (assurance maladie nationale)	가입해 보험료를 내는 국민건강보험 · 주의: 'benefit/free'로, 의료급여와 혼동 금지 · 보험(기여 기반)
국민기초생활보장제도	National Basic Living Security System	National Basic Living Security System
기초생활수급자	Basic Living Security Recipient	Bénéficiaire du National Basic Living Security System
긴급복지지원	Emergency Welfare Support	Soutien d'urgence sociale (Emergency Welfare Support)	위기 시 단기 긴급 지원 · 주의: 'emergency fund' 일반화 지양
긴급의료지원	Emergency Medical Support	Aide médicale d'urgence
난민법	Refugee Act	Loi sur les réfugiés
난민심사 (RSD)RSD	refugee status determination (RSD)	détermination du statut de réfugié (RSD)	정부가 난민 신청을 심사하는 절차 · 주의: 다른 절차명 창작 금지 · 1심 심사 + 이의/소송 단계
부모급여	Parental Benefit	Allocation parentale	영아 양육 현금 지원 · 주의: 세 수당 병합 금지 · 양육수당/아동수당과 구분
사회보장제도	Social Security System	Système de protection sociale
사회통합프로그램KIIP	Korea Immigration and Integration Program	Korea Immigration and Integration Program
산업재해보상보험	Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance	Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (assurance accidents du travail)	산재보험; 근로복지공단
생계급여	Livelihood Benefit	Allocation de subsistance (aide aux moyens d'existence de base)	기초생활 생계비 현금 지원 · 주의: 'salary/wage' 금지 · 기초생활보장제도
아동수당	Child Allowance	Allocation pour enfant	아동수당 · 주의: 세 수당 병합 금지
아이돌봄서비스	Idolbom Child Care Service	Service de garde d'enfants Idolbom
양육수당	Child Home-care Allowance	Allocation de garde à domicile	가정 양육 수당 · 주의: 세 수당 병합 금지
에너지바우처	Energy Voucher	Bon d'énergie	난방·냉방비 지원
영유아 보육료 지원	Childcare Fee Support	Aide aux frais de garde de jeunes enfants
외국인 건강보험 당연가입	Mandatory Health Insurance for Foreign Residents	Affiliation obligatoire à l'assurance maladie pour les résidents étrangers	6개월 이상 체류 시
외국인근로자 등 의료지원사업	Medical Support Program for Foreign Workers and Others	Medical Support Program for Foreign Workers and Others	건강보험심사평가원 운영
응급의료비 대지급제도	Emergency Medical Expense Payment System	Emergency Medical Expense Payment System	응급 의료비를 국가가 대신 내고 추후 상환 · 주의: 무료/지원금처럼 쓰지 말 것 · 상환 전제
의료급여	Medical Benefit	Aide médicale	저소득 대상 의료비 지원 · 주의: 건강보험(보험)과 혼동 금지 · 보험 아님
이의신청	administrative appeal (objection)	recours administratif (opposition)	거부된 신청에 부처에 이의 제기 · 주의: 'lawsuit/litigation'과 혼동 금지 · 행정소송 이전 단계
임신·출산 진료비 지원	Pregnancy and Childbirth Medical Cost Support	Pregnancy and Childbirth Medical Cost Support (aide aux frais médicaux de grossesse et d'accouchement)	국민행복카드
주거급여	Housing Benefit	Aide au logement	임차료/주거비 지원 · 주의: 표현 불일치 지양
출국명령	departure order	ordre de départ (départ volontaire sous délai)	기한 내 자진 출국하라는 명령 · 주의: deportation로 번역 금지 · 강제퇴거보다 약한 조치
통번역 지원	Interpretation and Translation Support	Soutien en interprétation et traduction
한부모가족지원	Single-Parent Family Support	Single-Parent Family Support (aide aux familles monoparentales)
행정소송	administrative litigation (court appeal)	recours contentieux administratif (appel judiciaire)	법원에서 거부 처분을 다툼 · 주의: 이의신청과 병합 금지 · 이의신청 기각 후 법원 단계

정부기관 · Government Bodies

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
건강보험심사평가원HIRA	Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service	Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
경찰청KNPA	Korean National Police Agency	Korean National Police Agency
고용노동부MOEL	Ministry of Employment and Labor	Ministère de l'Emploi et du Travail
고용복지플러스센터	Employment Welfare Plus Center	Employment Welfare Plus Center (centre emploi-protection sociale)	고용센터
교육부MOE	Ministry of Education	Ministère de l'Éducation
국가인권위원회NHRCK	National Human Rights Commission of Korea	Commission nationale des droits de l'homme de Corée
국립중앙의료원NMC	National Medical Center	National Medical Center
국민건강보험공단NHIS	National Health Insurance Service	National Health Insurance Service
국민연금공단NPS	National Pension Service	National Pension Service (NPS) (service national des retraites)
국세청NTS	National Tax Service	National Tax Service (administration fiscale nationale)
근로복지공단COMWEL	Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service	Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service
다문화가족지원센터	Multicultural Family Support Center	Multicultural Family Support Center (centre de soutien aux familles multiculturelles)	가족센터
대한법률구조공단KLAC	Korea Legal Aid Corporation	Korea Legal Aid Corporation
법무부MOJ	Ministry of Justice	Ministère de la Justice
보건복지부MOHW	Ministry of Health and Welfare	Ministère de la Santé et des Affaires sociales
서민금융진흥원	Korea Inclusive Finance Agency	Korea Inclusive Finance Agency (agence de finance inclusive)
소상공인시장진흥공단SEMAS	Small Enterprise and Market Service	Small Enterprise and Market Service
여성가족부MOGEF	Ministry of Gender Equality and Family	Ministère de l'Égalité des sexes et de la Famille
정신건강복지센터	Mental Health Welfare Center	Centre de santé mentale et bien-être
주택도시보증공사HUG	Korea Housing and Urban Guarantee Corporation	Korea Housing and Urban Guarantee Corporation (organisme de garantie pour le logement et l'urbanisme)
질병관리청KDCA	Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency	Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
출입국·외국인사무소	Immigration Office	Immigration Office (bureau de l'immigration)	지역 출입국 관서
출입국·외국인청KIS	Korea Immigration Service	Korea Immigration Service	구 출입국관리사무소
한국산업인력공단HRD Korea	Human Resources Development Service of Korea	Human Resources Development Service of Korea	고용허가제 운영
행정복지센터	Community Service Center	Community Service Center (centre de services administratifs et sociaux)	주민센터·동사무소
행정안전부MOIS	Ministry of the Interior and Safety	Ministère de l'Intérieur et de la Sécurité

서비스·포털 · Services & Portals

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
국민신문고	e-People (online petition)	e-People (pétition en ligne)	epeople.go.kr
기후동행카드	Climate Card	Climate Card	서울 대중교통 정기권
긴급신고 119119	Emergency 119 (fire/ambulance)	Urgences 119 (pompiers/ambulance)
다누리	Danuri Multicultural Family Support Portal	Danuri Multicultural Family Support Portal	다누리콜센터 1577-1366
다누리콜센터1577-1366	Danuri Call Center	Danuri Call Center (ligne d'assistance Danuri)	이주여성·다문화 상담
보건복지상담센터129	Health and Welfare Call Center	Centre d'appel santé et protection sociale (129)
복지로	Bokjiro	Bokjiro (portail des services de protection sociale)	복지 포털 bokjiro.go.kr
사회통합정보망(소시넷)	Social Integration Information Network (Socinet)	Social Integration Information Network (Socinet)	socinet.go.kr
세종학당	King Sejong Institute	King Sejong Institute	한국어 교육
여성긴급전화 13661366	Women's Emergency Hotline 1366	Women's Emergency Hotline 1366	이주여성 상담
외국인노동자지원센터	Foreign Workers Support Center	Centre d'aide aux travailleurs étrangers
외국인종합안내센터1345	Immigration Contact Center	Immigration Contact Center	20개 언어 통역
워크넷	WorkNet	WorkNet (portail national pour l'emploi)	구인구직 work.go.kr
위택스	Wetax	Wetax	지방세 포털
자살예방상담전화1393	Suicide Prevention Hotline	Numéro de prévention du suicide
정부24	Government24	Government24	gov.kr
정신건강상담전화1577-0199	Mental Health Hotline	Numéro d'assistance en santé mentale
하이코리아	HiKorea	HiKorea	출입국 민원 포털
홈택스	Hometax	Hometax (portail fiscal en ligne)	국세청 세금 포털

노동·근로 · Work & Labor

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
근로계약	Labor Contract	Contrat de travail
근로기준법	Labor Standards Act	Labor Standards Act (loi sur les normes du travail)
노동조합	Labor Union	Syndicat
부당해고	Unfair Dismissal	Licenciement abusif
사업장 변경	Change of Workplace	Changement de lieu de travail	고용허가제
산업안전	Occupational Safety	Sécurité au travail
산재신청	Industrial Accident Claim	Demande d'indemnisation pour accident du travail	근로복지공단
실업급여	Unemployment Benefit	Allocation chômage	고용보험
연차휴가	Annual Paid Leave	Congés payés annuels
임금체불	Unpaid Wages	Salaires impayés	고용노동부 신고
주휴수당	Weekly Holiday Allowance	Indemnité de repos hebdomadaire
최저임금	Minimum Wage	Salaire minimum
퇴직금	Severance Pay	Indemnité de fin de contrat

주거·생활 · Housing & Living

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
공과금	Utility Bills	Factures de services publics
관리비	Maintenance Fee	Charges de copropriété
등기부등본	Certified Copy of Property Register	Copie certifiée du registre foncier
보증금	Deposit (key money)	Dépôt de garantie
부동산 중개	Real Estate Agency	Agence immobilière
분리수거	Recycling Separation	Tri sélectif des déchets
쓰레기 종량제	Volume-based Waste Disposal	Collecte des ordures au volume	종량제 봉투
월세	Wolse (monthly rent)	Wolse (loyer mensuel)
임대주택	Public Rental Housing	Logement locatif public
전기요금	Electricity Bill	Facture d'électricité	한국전력
전세	Jeonse (lump-sum deposit lease)	Jeonse (bail à dépôt forfaitaire)	보증금 맡기고 월세 없음
전입신고	Move-in Report	Déclaration d'emménagement
주민세	Resident Tax	Taxe de résidence
확정일자	Fixed Date (lease registration)	Date certifiée (enregistrement du bail)	보증금 보호

교육·아동 · Education & Children

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
검정고시	Qualification Examination	Examen de qualification (검정고시)	학력 인정 시험
급식	School Meals	Restauration scolaire
다문화학생	Multicultural Student	Élève issu d'une famille multiculturelle
방과후학교	After-School Program	Programme périscolaire
어린이집	Daycare Center	Crèche
유치원	Kindergarten	École maternelle
의무교육	Compulsory Education	Scolarité obligatoire
입학	School Admission	Inscription scolaire
학교 밖 청소년	Out-of-School Youth	Jeunes déscolarisés
학력인정	Recognition of Academic Credentials	Reconnaissance des diplômes et qualifications

금융 · Banking & Money

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
가상계좌	Virtual Account	Compte virtuel
공동인증서	Joint Certificate (digital signature)	Certificat numérique commun (signature électronique)	구 공인인증서
은행계좌	Bank Account	Compte bancaire	통장
자동이체	Automatic Transfer	Virement automatique
체크카드	Debit Card	Carte de débit
해외송금	International Remittance	Virement international
환전	Currency Exchange	Change de devises

의료 · Medical

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
건강검진	Health Checkup	Health Checkup (bilan de santé)	국가건강검진
건강보험증	Health Insurance Card	Carte d'assurance maladie
경피용 (BCG)	percutaneous (BCG)	BCG percutané (voie percutanée)	경피용 BCG 접종 · 주의: 'subcutaneous' 금지 · 의료 정확성 (관측 오류)
보건소	Public Health Center	Public Health Center (centre de santé publique)
본인부담금	Out-of-pocket Payment	Ticket modérateur	진료비 일부
불안장애	Anxiety Disorder	Trouble anxieux
비급여	Non-covered Service	Prestation non remboursée	건강보험 미적용
산전관리	Prenatal Care	Suivi prénatal
상담	Counseling	Consultation psychologique
약국	Pharmacy	Pharmacie
예방접종	Vaccination	Vaccination
외상후스트레스장애PTSD	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	État de stress post-traumatique (ESPT)
우울증	Depression	Dépression
응급실ER	Emergency Room	Emergency Room (salle des urgences)
정신건강의학과	Psychiatry	Psychiatrie
진료	Medical Consultation	Consultation médicale
처방전	Prescription	Ordonnance médicale
트라우마	Trauma	Traumatisme

문서·서식 · Documents & Forms

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
건강보험 자격득실확인서	Certificate of Health Insurance Qualification	Attestation d'affiliation à l'assurance maladie
건강진단서	Health Certificate	Certificat médical
범죄경력증명서	Criminal Record Certificate	Extrait du casier judiciaire
사증발급인정서	Certificate of Confirmation of Visa Issuance	Certificat de confirmation de délivrance de visa
소득금액증명	Certificate of Income	Attestation de revenus
예방접종증명서	Vaccination Certificate	Certificat de vaccination
외국인등록사실증명	Certificate of Alien Registration	Certificate of Alien Registration (certificat d'enregistrement des étrangers)
외국인등록증ARC	Alien Registration Card (ARC)	Alien Registration Card - ARC (carte d'enregistrement d'étranger)	등록 외국인 신분증 · 주의: 매번 다르게 번역 금지 · 약어 ARC 고정
임대차계약서	Lease Agreement	Lease Agreement (contrat de bail)	전월세 계약
출입국에 관한 사실증명	Certificate of Entry and Exit	Certificate of Entry and Exit (certificat d'entrées et de sorties du territoire)
통합신청서	integrated application form	integrated application form (formulaire de demande intégré)	출입국 통합 신청 서식 · 주의: 매번 다른 표현 금지 · 공식 서식명, 한국어 병기
표준근로계약서	Standard Labor Contract	Standard Labor Contract (contrat de travail standard)	고용노동부 양식

일상·교통 · Daily Life & Transport

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
교통카드	Transportation Card	Carte de transport	T-money 등
국제운전면허IDP	International Driving Permit	Permis de conduire international
다산콜센터120	Seoul Dasan Call Center	Seoul Dasan Call Center (centre d'appel municipal de Séoul)	서울시 120
대중교통	Public Transport	Transports en commun
번역·통역 서비스	Translation and Interpretation Service	Service de traduction et d'interprétation
운전면허	Driver's License	Permis de conduire
주민등록	Resident Registration	Enregistrement de résidence	내국인 (외국인은 외국인등록)

단체·NGO · Organizations & NGOs

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
MAP (아시아평화를향한이주)MAP	Migration to Asia Peace	Migration to Asia Peace (MAP)	난민뉴스 운영
공익법센터 어필APIL	Advocates for Public Interest Law	Advocates for Public Interest Law
공익인권법재단 공감KPIL	Gonggam (Korean Public Interest Lawyers' Group)	Gonggam (Korean Public Interest Lawyers' Group)
난민과의 대화	Dialogue with Refugees	Dialogue with Refugees
난민인권센터NANCEN	NANCEN (Refugee Rights Center Korea)	NANCEN (Refugee Rights Center Korea)
대한적십자사	Korean Red Cross	Croix-Rouge coréenne	희망풍차
라파엘클리닉	Raphael Clinic	Raphael Clinic	무료 진료
삼성서울병원SMC	Samsung Seoul Hospital	Samsung Seoul Hospital
서울이주여성상담센터	Seoul Migrant Women's Counseling Center	Seoul Migrant Women's Counseling Center
아시아인권문화연대ADI	Asian Dignity Initiative	Asian Dignity Initiative
외국인 의료지원 지도 (KIRD)KIRD	Korea Immigrant Statistics and Resource Map	Korea Immigrant Statistics and Resource Map (KIRD)	immigrantsinkorea.today
우리평화한국어학교We Peace	We Peace Korean Language School	We Peace Korean Language School
유엔난민기구 한국대표부UNHCR	UNHCR Republic of Korea	HCR République de Corée
재단법인 동천	Dongcheon Foundation	Dongcheon Foundation	법무법인 태평양 공익재단
한국난민포럼	Korea Refugee Forum	Korea Refugee Forum
한국이주민건강협회 희망의친구들WeFriends	WeFriends (Korea Migrants' Health Association)	WeFriends (Korea Migrants' Health Association)

시험·평가 · Tests & Evaluations

Coréen	Anglais	Français	Note
TOPIKTOPIK	Test of Proficiency in Korean	TOPIK	한국어능력시험
사전평가	Pre-evaluation	Pré-évaluation	KIIP 단계 배정 평가 · 주의: 일반 'test'로 뭉개지 말 것 · KIIP
종합평가	Comprehensive Evaluation	Évaluation globale	KIIP 이수 평가 · 주의: 일반 'test'로 뭉개지 말 것 · KIIP

지명 · Places

Coréen	Anglais	Français
경기도	Gyeonggi Province	Province de Gyeonggi
동대문역사문화공원역	Dongdaemun History and Culture Park Station	Station Dongdaemun History and Culture Park
서울	Seoul	Séoul
인천	Incheon	Incheon
화성외국인보호소	Hwaseong Foreigner Detention Center	Centre de rétention pour étrangers de Hwaseong